Category Archives: Summer

Goldfinches – Plant It, and They Will Come

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For as many summers as I can recall, I have had one pair of American Goldfinches nesting in my yard.

The male displays over the open space above my back yard, singing as he flies and then alighting in the birch trees at my neighbors. All of the activity to and from the grove of birches by both the male and female goldfinches would be a strong indication that they choose it for their nest site.

 

When the female goldfinch is on the nest it is obvious, as only her male will be coming to my feeder.  In fact, he comes more frequently as he brings food to her as she sits on the nest, incubating the eggs.  Once the eggs hatch, she comes to the feeder in a few weeks, while the male watches the young.  Both parents take seed to their young, one of the few birds that do not feed insects to their offspring.  Natural seeds from plants are a staple in the goldfinches’ diet.

Within a few more weeks, I am able to enjoy the fledged goldfinches as they follow Dad around, landing near him and fluttering their wings accompanied by incessant, sweet chirps.

This year it’s a completely different situation as I have had three male Goldfinches consistently all summer.  I can’t be sure if the groups of fledglings are with different males although I can say that one group is four fledglings and the other group is five.  Hmmm.

 

What changed that my feeding station is so different this year?  The answer became very apparent the more that I observed bird behavior in my yard.   I planted a native habitat that was successful beyond what I could have imagined.  The planting took place in June of 2020 and the mature plants have provided a bounty of seeds for the Goldfinches to eat.

I especially love to check out the flowers with my binoculars as I am amazed at how well the goldfinches blend in with the plants.  Perfect camouflage for a bird that is out in the open – they need to be invisible to raptors.

If you are looking to change your habitat to make it irresistible for Goldfinches, here are a few suggestions –

Agastache nepetoides- (giant yellow hyssop) has been a constant source of seeds for the Goldfinches since July.  A large stand of this native plant was placed in front of the established cedars, an appropriate place given their height of 3 to 8 feet.

From July to September they will be in bloom, an added benefit, as they suit our native pollinators.  This native plant is characterized as easily grown in average, medium, or well-drained soil in part shade to full sun.  I love this description from Missouri Botanical Garden – “A bold plant that masses well in the perennial border, native wildflower area, woodland or butterfly garden.” It is also planted in an area behind my garage that has been dedicated to pollinators. Of note, the bitterness of its leaves make Agastache nepetoides deer resistant.

Helenium atumnale – (sneezeweed) was added in a layer in front of the Agastache nepetoides.  The large and numerous daisy-like, yellow flowers of Helenium autumnale can provide welcome color in late summer and autumn when many other blossoms have disappeared. Sneezeweed prefers full to partial sun and wet to wet-medium soils that are average to rich. Despite its common name, it presents no problems for allergy sufferers, its’ pollen is distributed by insects, not wind. Sneezeweed is one of the host plants of the Dainty Sulphur butterfly.

The plants often become so tall they need staking or other support. Alternatively, they can be cut back in early summer to force shorter, more-branched flowering heads. I have experienced this exact situation as one group of this flower was cut back and has stayed shorter and a great compliment to a different group of cedars growing behind the sneezeweed.  The other group were not cut back and they have flopped, as predicted.  Either way, they attract large groups of goldfinch, many of which go from the plant seeds to the feeder and back.  Best to leave the plant standing all winter so that the Goldfinch can continue to feed on the seed heads.

 

Echinacea purpurea – (purple coneflower) – an absolute favorite and a consistently attractive seed plant for Goldfinches.  Extra bonus is that it is attractive to Hummingbirds as well !  Easily grown in average, dry to medium, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade.  An adaptable plant that is tolerant of drought, heat, humidity and poor soil.

The long bloom times from June through August are a plus and no fall clean-up is needed, as the seed heads provide food for finches all winter long.

 

Liatris spicata and Liatris aspera – Marsh blazing star and Rough blazing star – these flowers blend beautifully with the Echinacea purpurea, the Helenium autumnale and the Agastache nepetoides.  These liatris were planted in many places and its so fun to watch the goldfinches land on the seed stalks and tip upside down as they eat the seeds. These plants flower from July through August/September.  Easily grown in average, medium, soils in full sun.  Spicata  prefers a moist soil whereas aspera is drought tolerant.

Perhaps the most surprising observation was a Goldfinch eating the seeds of the cedars that are the basic foundation plants in my backyard.  Certainly an important evergreen for shelter and food.

Have fun adding native plants in your yard to improve the habitat

and welcome even more finches !

 

 

 

 

 

Hummingbird Fun Facts

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Why are Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers important to Ruby-throated Hummingbirds?

yellow belly sapsucker

Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers are a type of woodpecker. True to their name, these birds drill concentric, evenly-spaced holes on trees in order to get them to weep sap. This is the first food available for hummingbirds when they arrive in spring. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds also eat the flying insects attracted to the sap wells. The hummers dart about and use their tongues to snatch the insects in mid-air.

When do I put out my hummingbird feeder?

Mid-April is generally a good time – think tax day. The earliest reports for hummers in 2012 was on March 17th; in 2010 it was April 1st; and in 2009 it was April 2nd. Although rare for hummingbirds to arrive earlier than May 1st, you may help out a migrant by being ready earlier.

 

hummingbird feeder

Where should I place my hummingbird feeder?

Find a quiet place in the yard to hang the feeder, ideally away from your other feeding stations. Make sure the hummingbirds will be easy to see from your windows. Window mounted hummingbird feeders can be delightful.

If available, place the feeder near flowers and plants that attract hummingbirds. Use a small pole that allows the feeder to hang at the flower level.

Place the feeder near (but not directly under) protective cover where hummingbirds can seek shelter in bushes or trees. Hummingbirds also need a small snag, a branch cleared of leaves, to sit upon so that they can digest their nectar. They use snags to watch for flying insects, which they will catch on the wing, consuming them for needed protein. You can make a snag by removing leaves from a branch purposefully or you can purchase a commercial resting spot such as a Hummingbird Swing.  

 Hummingbird SwingsHang the feeder in a location that has some shade to help slow nectar spoilage. However, make sure the feeder stays visible to the birds as they fly over.  Using a sun and shade guard can provide both added visibility and protection for nectar.

Place the feeder out of the reach of cats and other potential predators.

How often should I change the nectar?

 Think of nectar as sweet tea. If the weather is cooler, 60 degrees, leaving the nectar for two or three days is acceptable. However, if you left a glass of sweet tea out on a day of 90 degree weather, it may spoil and you would not drink it. The same is true of nectar – changing in hot weather every day is best. Rinse your feeder with hot water and clean the feeding ports with a brush to make sure that you prevent a build-up of mold. 

How do I make nectar?

Commercial nectar should be free of red dye. The sugar used in boxed nectar is superfine and can easily be made with boiled water, stirring until the sugar is dissolved. For a home-made version, the ratio is four parts water to one part sugar (ex: one cup of water to ¼ cup sugar). Boil the water to rid it of chlorination and allow the sugar to dissolve easily. Pour it over the sugar and stir until dissolved. Once cooled off, fill your feeder and keep the rest in a nectar bottle in the refrigerator. Do not use dyes, brown sugar or honey.

Are there times of the year when I should make the nectar stronger?

The nectar that flowers produce is the same strength of sweetness throughout the year. Since what we put in our feeders mimics nature, keeping our 4:1 nectar recipe the same is recommended. This is also the same recommended strength for orioles.

What do hummingbirds need for nesting?

A hummingbird builds its nest with thistle or dandelion down held together with strands of spider silk and sometimes pine resin. The female stamps on the base of the nest to stiffen it, but the walls remain pliable. She shapes the rim of the nest by pressing and smoothing it between her neck and chest. The exterior of the nest is decorated (probably camouflaged) with bits of lichen and moss, held on with spider webs. The nest takes 6-10 days to finish and measures about 2 inches across and 1 inch deep. You can offer what a hummingbird needs by leaving spiders in your yard, not using pesticides, and by offering soft, downy material if you do not have it naturally. Commercial nesting material is available and can be extremely enjoyable for purposes of watching – see this great video of hummingbirds using Hummingbird Helper.

hummingbird helper

What if hummingbirds are not coming to the feeder?

Since hummingbirds must wake up and fuel immediately, check first thing (daybreak) in the morning if you want to see if the feeder is being visited. Make sure you are changing your nectar frequently – spoiled nectar will leave a bad taste in their mouths (literally)!

What do I do to keep flying insects out of the hummingbird feeder?
  • Clean the feeder inside and out. Don’t let sugar solution splash on the outside of the feeder as it is a further attractant to bees.
  • Fill the nectar level lower than usual so the bees can’t reach it through the ports in a tray-style feeder. Sometimes this is about half-way full.
  • Move the feeder even if it is a couple feet from the original location. When a bee “scout” finds the food, it tells the others exactly where to find the source of food. If the source is not in the same place, it will remain bee-free until another scout comes across it. The birds will not have an issue with it being moved.
  • A small bowl of higher concentration sugar water, like a 1:1, on the ground may ‘pull’ the bees to that source instead of the nectar feeder source.
  • Pure almond extract around the ports has anecdotally worked for folks in the past. It doesn’t seem to bother or harm the birds.
  • Check to see if there are any yellow parts on the feeder. Many popular hummingbird feeders have yellow feeder ports or decorations. Bees and wasps are attracted to the color yellow. Use bright red fingernail polish and paint over any yellow parts of the feeder. Apply several coats of nail polish, letting each dry before applying the next coat.
  • Place the feeder away from anything that is yellow in your yard. This includes yellow flowers, lawn ornaments or decorations. Again, the yellow color will attract the unwanted insects.
  • Use our bee guards, which prevent bees from actually entering the nectar ports. We also sell a liquid meant to keep ants from crawling up your feeder poles.

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Attracting Orioles to Your Yard

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Graffius Oriole 3 small

In search of an adequate food supply to raise a family, thousands of Baltimore Orioles migrate from Central America to Michigan during springtime. What does it take to attract these vibrantly plumaged orange and black birds to our yard?

When the male arrives, he is in search of a territory that will provide the basics – food, water, shelter and places to raise young – those elements allow him to carry on his genetics, the sole purpose of migration.

 

Undoubtedly, you will hear Orioles before you see them. The male Baltimore Oriole’s song consists of a short series of paired notes, repeated 2–7 times, lasting 1–2 seconds. The pure, liquid, flute-like sounds have a full, rich tone. Once you accustom yourself to its song, you will be able to search for them visually.

Orioles can be found in open woodlands, woodland edges, and riparian woodlands and in our shade trees in suburban neighborhoods. They do not prefer deep forests.

Because of Orioles’ habit of feeding at treetop level, consummate birder Pete Dunne nicknamed them The Eastern Arboreal Oriole. So why the nickname? This is a bird that is wedded to dense leaf canopy. Males sing from exposed perches to warn other males of proclaimed territory. Both the male and female land on the tallest point of a tree before slipping into the dense canopy to begin foraging for insects. These include caterpillars that emerge to eat unfurling new growth on trees.

Oak trees in particular offer more diversity of caterpillars than any other tree in Southeast Michigan. While an oak may not mature to full size during your lifetime, planting it for its food value to birds is an investment in the future of birds. Orioles eat many pest species, including tent caterpillars, gypsy moth caterpillars, fall webworms, spiny elm caterpillars, and the larvae within plant galls. Larger caterpillars are a challenge for some birds, but the Oriole has many strategies for eating them. The birds’ beak is quite pointed and is used to slice through the exterior of a caterpillar, allowing it to eat the nutritional insides. Orioles often have a feeding limb, a favored place to feed, as can be attested to by dried caterpillar skins accumulated on the branch. Orioles eat other insects as well including beetles, crickets, grasshoppers, moths, and flies and non-insects including spiders, snails, and other small invertebrates.

Baltimore Orioles sometimes use their slender beaks to feed in an unusual way, called “gaping”: they stab the closed bill into soft fruits, and then open their mouths to cut a juicy swath from which they drink with their brushy-tipped tongues. Fruits that are especially attractive to Orioles are those that are dark in color. A variety of these plants can offer the high lipid fat that the birds need for fall migration – dogwoods, chokeberry, elderberry, and viburnums. Native plants grow native caterpillars in abundance and therefore, are the perfect choice when planning your bird-friendly yard.

Orioles also have an early spring feeding strategy– they drink from the wells of Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers. These woodpeckers create purposeful holes to encourage sap to run, which in turn attracts insects, an additional food source for the birds.

 

For a closer look at Orioles, you can place feeders in your yard that offer the same types of foods they find in the wild. Dark grape jelly can be offered in plastic and glass dishes, oranges can be placed on pronged feeders, and nectar feeders will round out the offerings.

Mealworms are another great food source to offer – the birds will take the worms back to their young as well as bring the young to the feeders once they are fledged. Your feeding station will be most successful if it is some distance away from other feeding stations. Your feeding station should be set up before the first week of May to attract the abundance of Orioles that migrate at that time. Once migration is over and the local birds have established their territory, you may find that the mated pair (or two if you are lucky) near your home can be very skittish at feeders. As a bonus, other birds will enjoy these offerings including House Finches, Cardinals and Rose-breasted Grosbeaks.

Female Orioles are responsible for the building of the nest that will hold their eggs and resultant young, usually four in number. Long strips of plant material are the backbone of their nest. Most frequently they use milkweed and dogbane, clipping the plant at the base just above where they are holding it firmly in their feet. Pulling up, they create strips that are then flown to the nest site and tied in place. Leave last years’ milkweed and dogbane standing into the spring so that these birds can utilize them, or clip it and add it to your nesting material basket. Elms were the favorite trees of Orioles for nest building before Dutch elm disease took its toll on them. Now, they favor maples, willows, poplars and oaks. Placed at the tip of branches, the sock-like structure has the advantage of being difficult for predators to reach.

 

The nest is a work of art, a suspended pouch woven as two separate walls. The female uses a shuttling motion to create the walls and then stitches the two halves together. The inside plant material can consist of dandelion fluff, the downy material from willows and poplars and short strips of grape bark. Natural materials can be placed in a suet basket and placed where you can enjoy these beauties helping themselves. Short strips of natural fibers (avoid polyester), hair, and string may be used by Orioles in nest construction. Fishing line and dryer lint are two materials not to be used. The fishing line is too thin and can easily entangle the bird. Dryer lint has materials that will hold moisture and would cool eggs and babies instead of keeping them warm as natural materials would. The female builds the nest over a period of about eight days. Nests are not reused, although some of the nesting material might be used in the new structure.

Graffius Oriole 2 small

Males keep a watchful eye on the female as she works, mating with her when she allows. Incubation is done by the female entirely, lasting a period of 12 to 14 days. Both parents feed the young for the next two weeks, during which time the naked hatchlings develop into fully feathered adult sized birds.

Now it is the male’s turn to take over as the young follow him for lessons on where to look for food. The female spends her time eating to regain the weight she lost and preparing herself for fall migration.

Orioles leave early back to their southerly home, our yards quieter without their songs as early as the end of August.

Oriole Father feeding baby

Well worth the effort to attract, Orioles make our time in the yard a special time indeed!

Thanks to Bill Creteau, John Graffius, Wayne Hoch and Randy Repicky for  sharing their photos

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Where Have My Goldfinches Gone?

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American Goldfinch male

Where have my Goldfinches gone? This is a question that we hear often at the store this time of year. Goldfinches nest later than many other birds in our area. When they establish their territories, they don’t allow other pairs in that area. So, unlike the spring when they were migrating through in large numbers, you will have one pair that calls your yard part of their territory (if you are lucky)!

Nesting Prep

Goldfinch on Sunflower (Photo by Jill Eoff)

The male advertises his territory with a beautiful, long, sweet melodic song. Part of the territorial behavior consists of him flying in large circles around the area, singing as he flies, advertising that the area is his and available to one female to share with him. This behavior continues as she constructs the nest and she sits on their eggs.

Because she alone incubates those eggs, the male will bring her food as she continues to sit on the nest. How sweet is that? If you are seeing a single male at your feeders, this is the reason why. With natural food sources becoming abundant this time of year, these fresh resources are used by the finches in addition to quick stops at the feeder.

American Goldfinch male (Photo by Rosann Kovalcik)

Time to Hatch!

When the young hatch, the female will now come to the feeder for short periods, to feed herself and to carry seed back to the nestlings. When you see her at the feeder, you know the eggs have hatched. Both parents feed the young birds seeds, from feeders and natural sources.

Within a few weeks after they hatch, young goldfinches are following parents around, begging for food with a characteristic, high-pitched “chippee, chippee” call. Seeing them beg with open beaks and wings fluttering is a summer delight.

While there is less activity at your feeder, fill it only part way. The seed needs to be fresh if it is going to compete with the natural food sources that are available. Using a mix of nyjer and fine sunflower chips is a good strategy as the sunflower chips offer high protein and fat content, which the birds need this time of year. Using Feeder Fresh, a silicate additive, will help your seed stay fresh and moisture free. When filling the feeder, add the new seed and mix it about with the older seed to avoid clumping. Once finch activity picks up and those goldfinch families are coming to eat, you can start filling the feeder with a greater quantity of seed.

American Goldfinch male (Photo by Jill Eoff)

Enjoy your birds!!

Rosann Kovalcik, Owner

Wild Birds Unlimited, Grosse Pointe Woods

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The Joy of Listening

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Working in the garden in the summer can be a delightful experience when we pay attention to the sounds of the birds. It’s educational and entertaining to concentrate on birds sounds and look for the stories behind them. You’ll be surprised at what you can learn just by listening, finding joy in the process.

A Morning In the Garden: The Birdsong Begins!

Blue Jay (Photo by John Graffius)

This morning I heard a conversation between a family of Blue Jays, murmuring to each other with a tone that reminded me of an interplay between The Three Stooges. They seemed to be comparing notes about where they would go to find food. Later, I heard the familiar “Jay! Jay!”  Were they sounding the “jay alarm” for the good of the group, because of a threat of some kind? Or was this practice just a “fire drill”?

House Wrens are singing less compared to the constant song which announced their arrival back in May. It seems my neighborhood wren gives an earnest song just once or twice these days, and nothing more. Done nesting, there is no need to advertise territory.

House Wren (Photo by Jerry Jourdan)

Afternoon Sounds

At this moment, the Robins are the most vocal. Two spot-breasted youngsters are incessantly reminding mom they are hungry. The young can be easily located by their shrill “peek” calls. Mom is quite silent as she searches continuously for food. This is very different from her morning routine. At daybreak, I hear her frantically repeating, “peek, peek, tut, tut.” She does not stop until both youngsters respond, a way to let her know they made it through the night.

Heard but not easily seen are my neighborhood Northern Flickers, White-breasted Nuthatches and Chickadees. All of them are making contact calls between adults and fledglings, giving clues as to where they are feeding. The nuthatches seem to be in the most constant contact – soft and repeated many times. Maybe this serves as encouragement to the young, that they are doing well finding the bugs they need.

The Northern Cardinal definitely has a second brood of young. How do I know? His song is constant in the neighborhood. He sings from perches in the yards that surround mine, as well as from two places in my yard. These singing points define his territory. When he is closest to the nest site, I can hear the female sing back to him from her place on the nest. Cardinals are one of the few bird species that engage in counter-singing between the pair.

Male & Female Cardinals (Photo by Christopher Goodhue)

Song & Dance

American Goldfinches are in full-on breeding mode. A male makes his presence known, taking flight from the neighbors’ birch trees, singing “per chicory” over and over as he flies. His flight is undulating, a gentle loop up and down, singing continuously. I watch him define his territory, cutting diagonally across my yard, then over two yards, then across towards the fringe of Ferry Elementary property and back to the birch trees. This display is gently repeated about every fifteen minutes.

American Goldfinch (Photo by Rodney Campbell)

 

Bird Sounds at Dusk

High-pitched calls in the trees overhead give away the presence of Cedar Waxwings. If I watch the area where they are calling long enough, I will eventually see the family group leave in flight together, off to another feeding stop.

As evening approaches, I hear the familiar chatter of Chimney Swifts. Gladly, I take a break from the garden and look up, admiring the family group of six that are flying in unison. Soon after, I know I will hear the Common Nighthawk’s raspy display call, a sound I will dearly miss once they have migrated this fall.

Make your next venture into the yard an auditory experience – you may be amazed at the Joy that listening brings!

 

Enjoy your Birds!

Rosann Kovalcik, Owner

Wild Birds Unlimited

Grosse Pointe Woods

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Common Nighthawks: Aerial Marvels

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Common Nighthawk (Photo by Mark Hainen)

For me, the sounds of summer include the sounds of Common Nighthawks.

A pair of nighthawks has nested on top of Ferry Elementary School for as long as I can remember. First thing in the morning, and I mean before sunrise, I see him flying in his erratic pattern. I’m not sure of how to describe the call that accompanies the flight. I’ve seen it written as buzz BEEErzh and peent (click here to listen on Cornell’s All About Birds website).

Common Nighthawk perched (Photo by Don Chalfant)

It is sharp and loud, a call to look up to the sky and wait for the wonderful sound to follow. The male nighthawk climbs higher and higher, then dives toward the ground, flexing his wings downward as he peels out of his dive. This causes a sound reminiscent of a race car rounding the edge of the track. To me, it sure sounds like vroom! This wonderful display gets repeated in the evening, a second treat for the summer day. This display serves two purposes; first, to attract a female and bond with her. It also lets other males know the territory is taken.

Common Nighthawk (Photo by Don Chalfant)

Field Marks

To identify Common Nighthawks, look for a slim, long-winged bird with white patches on the wing. Their pointy wings and streamlined shape make them appear larger than their measurements would indicate. Each bird is typically 9.5” long with a wing span of 24” and a weight of only 2.2 ounces. The type of flight is key – erratic and bounding – look for the white patch which is quite distinct in flight.

Common Nighthawk in flight (Photo by Karen Wade)

Nesting

Common Nighthawks nest on open ground, gravel beaches, openings in the forest floor and in our area, on gravel roof tops. Nighthawks, including the eggs and the young, have excellent camouflage in their nesting habitats. These birds need to be hidden from view, so the trend from older style roofs with pebbles to rubber roofs without pebbles is not a good one. This shift leads to a decrease in prime nighthawk nesting habitat. If you can influence a roofing company to keep a corner of the roof covered in pebbles, we can maintain sufficient nesting habitat.

Common Nighthawk female, camouflaged on parking lot nest (Photo by Karen Wade)

The female lays just one or two eggs at a time, and the pair may have two broods in a season. Females are the primary incubators. At times she will stand over the young with open wings, creating a shade umbrella when needed.

Common Nighthawk with nestling (Photo by Karen Wade)

Common Nighthawk female with young (Photo by Karen Wade)

Diet & Distribution

Common Nighthawks eat flying insects exclusively. Once prey is sighted, the bird will fly toward it, open its beak, and maneuver to catch and swallow the insect. The young are fed these insects in regurgitated form – yummy!

As one would expect of a bird that is an insect-eater, Common Nighthawks migrate south with the change of the seasons. Often in late summertime, Bill Rapai, President of Grosse Pointe Audubon and my co-leader on bird walks, calls to inform me the migration is evident, with streams of nighthawks moving south over Lake St. Clair. Their journey may take them anywhere from 1,600 to 4,200 miles as they have been reported in Ecuador, Peru, Brazil and as far south as Argentina.

I hope that you get a chance to listen for these unique birds, and then look to the sky and experience these seasonal marvels.

 

Enjoy your birds!

-Rosann Kovalcik

Owner, Wild Birds Unlimited, Grosse Pointe Woods

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Bird Spotlight: Green Heron

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Photo Courtesy: Valerie Gebert

“They look like a kindergartner that dressed for school, choosing bright pants that didn’t match the multiple colors they put on,” said my niece after observing a Green Heron at the shoreline of an inland lake. Technically, they aren’t truly green; they have more of a greenish-blue cast to their backs like velvet draperies in an English Manor; a deep chestnut body, a darker, capped head and bright yellow legs. They also have white underneath the tail, most evident when the tail is flicked in agitation.

Diet & Feeding Behavior

Green Herons wait patiently for prey to cross their paths as they sit perched in every imaginable yoga pose along the water’s edge. Small fish, crustaceans, frogs – all are on the menu. Watching these birds hunt is a lesson in patience and perseverance. They stand for many minutes with necks retracted, their stares fixated at the water in front of them. When prey comes within striking distance, they strike quickly, extending their necks to almost the full length of their bodies. Whatever the catch, the heron flips it down into the back of the beak, then down the hatch in one gulp!

Photo Courtesy: Beth Miller, as seen on Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s “All About Birds” site

If you are lucky enough to come across them in your outdoor adventures, sit and watch; you may see another behavior that is sure to blow your mind – a Green Heron using a tool to fish. Yes, Green Herons uses tools to lure fish, dropping insects, twigs and feathers onto the water’s surface. This is an amazing sight to see, and one that I have been fortunate enough to witness from the quiet of a kayak.

Photo Courtesy: Valerie Gebert

Habitat

Where can you find Green Herons? They prefer bodies of water with vegetation near the shoreline. Think of our inland lakes and all of the exploring you can do in early morning. Our Huron-Clinton Metroparks are great places for this type of birding. The Edsel & Eleanor Ford House is another likely spot. Use your binoculars to scan the water’s edges, as well as checking lily pads. Listen carefully for a loud “SKEOW!” – a likely sign of a Green Heron relocating. I have noticed they often verbalize while flying from one space to the next.

Photo Courtesy: Valerie Gebert

Nesting

Green Herons make nests from twigs which they situate in trees. Both parents tend to the young. To start, the female lays between 3-5 eggs, and both she and her mate incubate them for 19-21 days. The youngsters are then fed by both parents, who regurgitate food into their mouths. In another 21-23 days, they’re ready to fly. Finally, the young fledge at about 30-35 days of age, meaning they are no longer dependent upon their parents. Green Herons mate monogamously each breeding season, often changing mates from one season to the next.

Wintering & Other Fun Facts

After breeding in Michigan (as well as in other states), Green Herons spend their winters in Mexico and Central America. However, during the post-breeding season, they have been known to show up as far as England and France, which is as exciting for the people there as it is for us when we see a Snowy Owl – what a special treat!

Photo Courtesy: Valerie Gebert

The oldest Green Heron on record was 7 years and 11 months old. It was found in Mexico in 1979 and first banded in Oklahoma in 1971.

Did you know – a group of herons can be called a rookery, a battery, a pose, a scattering or a hedge?

Whatever you call them, I hope you see many Green Herons in your forays into the field this year!

 

Enjoy your birds,

-Rosann Kovalcik

Owner, Wild Birds Unlimited, Grosse Pointe Woods

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References

Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2017). Green Heron Overview.

Retrieved from https://www.allaboutbirds.org/

guideGreen_Heron/overview

Chimney Swifts – Aerial Artists

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Perhaps one of the happiest sounds in my yard during the warmer months is the chattering of Chimney Swifts as they race by in the sky. Looking like a cigar with sickle-shaped wings, they are usually seen flying in pairs or family groups. (Photo courtesy of Chuck Slusarczyk Jr.)

Their wings quiver in flight, swift and shallow, as they maneuver to catch insects. Feeding “on the wing,” they capture flies, bugs, wasps, and other insects.

Chimney Swifts spend more time flying than other species of birds. They copulate in flight, and drink and bathe in the rain while flying. They do stop flying to sit on eggs and to roost at night for sleep.

Chimney Swifts previously nested in caves and hollow trees. With the advent of chimneys on this continent, they acclimated to this new hollow for nesting purpose as well as using air vents, old wells, silos, barns, lighthouses, sheds and other similar structures.

The nest of a Chimney Swift is a work of art. Both parents contribute to the nest, breaking off small twigs with their feet while flying through branches, and returning to the nest site with the twigs in their bills.  The bird in the photo above is slowing down to be able to break off a twig with its’ beak while in flight.

The nest is a half-saucer of loosely woven twigs, measuring 2 to 3 inches from front to back, 4 inches wide and an inch deep. Remarkably, it is stuck together and cemented to the chimney wall with the bird’s glue-like saliva.  This female below faces the wall of the chimney – you can just see her eye at the far right.  Check out the very stiff tail feathers which are used to hold onto vertical surfaces when the birds are not incubating eggs.  (Photo courtesy of Bruce Dilabio)

Three to five white eggs are laid with a 16 – 21 day incubation period. The nestlings are born naked and helpless as shown in the photo below. (Photo courtesy of Bruce Dilabio)

 

 

The young outgrow the nest and cling vertically to the walls while the parents continue to feed them for another 14 – 19 days. At that point, they launch themselves out to flight and join their parents.  Shown below, these same nestlings are older but not yet ready to leave the nest.  Look at how they are crowded together and all facing the wall of the chimney.

 

 

Large numbers of Chimney Swifts roost together in a single chimney during the non-breeding season. During cool nights, the numbers of birds together may raise the temperature inside the roost to 70°F warmer than the outside air.
The largest known Chimney Swift roost in North America is on Grand River in Farmington Hills. There, up to 50,000 swifts can be seen dramatically diving down into the 150 foot chimney stack of the former LaSalle Winery at dusk. Mark your calendar and join Detroit Audubon for “Swifts Night Out” on September 23rd and 24th – See you there!

(Photo courtesy of Jerry Jourdan)

In the meantime, look to the sky and you will certainly be rewarded with the sight of these fascinating birds as they race their way across the sky.

Goldfinch Doing the Happy Dance

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This morning the goldfinch was doing performing his Happy Dance and I watched with delight.

It was 7:00 am and I heard short versions of his song being repeated. I looked up to see him making laps around the perimeter of my yard, singing only when his wings beat. With a gentle rolling flight, he finished five laps and then reversed, right over me, much to my delight. Five more laps around the yard in the opposite direction.

Per Cher Cher Cher Cher Cher – only on the wing beats, his golden body undulating upward in flight.

I am smitten. Does he love my yard for the food it brings to him and his perspective mate? Is he showing her that this is his prime territory?

 

He alights on the wires and sings a much longer version of his song. Looks down on me as if to ask me to leave so be can feed on the Rudbeckia, where I flushed him from a few days ago.  It pays to plant native plants as they are a natural way to feed these golden beauties.

He crosses from the wire to the from oak tree, still in plain view, and sings his long song again.

Go birding in your yard!

Cliff Swallows

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It was a happy day when David Oliver stopped in at Wild Birds Unlimited in Grosse Pointe Woods to show me the photos he had taken of the Cliff Swallows at local Parcells Middle School.

I hadn’t heard about these birds so I stopped at the school on my way home to see them for myself. What little beauties, flying about together for insects, their young waiting in the colonial nests these birds build.

Photo by Lisa Vreede

Cliff Swallows are one of the birds that have adapted to changes humans have made by building their mud nests on bridges, overpasses and many other brick surfaces. Cliff Swallows use their beaks to gather mud, using about 1,000 blobs to complete their nest. The reasons for nesting in colonies including more birds alert to potential dangers that can alert the group, and more scouts for food supplies. One such danger includes House Sparrows invading and taking over Cliff Swallow nests.

House Sparrow inspecting a Cliff Swallow nest, by Lisa Vreede

Colony members, by Lisa Vreede

Swallows always catch their insect prey while flying, which can be referred to as hunting “on the wing”. Cliff Swallows eat flying insects all year round, foraging above grassy pastures, plowed fields, and other open areas, but also over floodplain forests, canyons, and towns—often taking advantage of thermal air currents that bring together dense swarms of insects. I imagine the fields at Parcells and the Lochmoor Club offer a good habitat for the insects they seek including flies, bees, wasp, ants, beetles, lacewings, mayflies, butterflies, moths, grasshoppers, crickets, dragonflies, and damselflies. Cliff Swallows tend to forage higher in the air than Barn Swallows, which can be seen skimming just above the ground, especially behind the lawn equipment which causes insects to flush.

Photo by Lisa Vreede

Cliff Swallows preen their plumage, feed, drink, and bathe in groups, and they continue sticking together in large flocks during migration and on their wintering grounds. These beautiful swallows will be here only for the summer as they will migrate back to a place where they can find insects the rest of the year, in southern South America. Cliff Swallows migrate during the day at a low altitude and feed during migration.

Photo by Lisa Vreede

Click the link below to check out an AMAZING video by Cornell Lab of Ornithology, featuring Cliff Swallows building their mud nests… how cool is that!

Cliff Swallows Build Nests From Mud